Frequently Asked Questions

How do I send a soil sample?

Under 'How to send sample?' tab in each test page, you can find the unique sampling instructions for your test.

Can I drop off a sample?

No, drop-offs are currently not an option. Please mail in all samples or request a collection kit.

We apologize about any inconvenience this may cause.

What makes healthy soil?

Healthy soil is the foundation of thriving ecosystems, playing a critical role in agriculture and environmental sustainability. It supports plant growth, retains and filters water, and provides habitat for beneficial organisms.

Key Components of Healthy Soil:

  1. Organic Matter: Rich organic matter, including decomposed plant and animal material, is essential. It improves soil structure, water-holding capacity, and nutrient availability. Organic matter serves as food for microbes, which, in turn, support plant health.
  2. Soil Structure: Well-structured soil is crumbly, allowing for good water infiltration and root penetration. Ideal soil has a balanced mix of sand, silt, and clay, which provides necessary aeration and nutrient retention. Compacted soil restricts root growth and water movement, compromising plant health.
  3. Nutrient Balance: A healthy soil has a balanced supply of essential nutrients, such as nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium, along with trace minerals like calcium and magnesium. These nutrients must be available in the right proportions for optimal plant growth.
  4. Microbial Life: Soil is a living ecosystem teeming with bacteria, fungi, earthworms, and insects. These organisms break down organic matter, cycle nutrients, and suppress diseases. Diverse and abundant microbial life promotes resilient soil and healthy crops.
  5. pH Level: Proper pH (usually between 6.0 and 7.5) ensures that nutrients are accessible to plants. Extreme pH levels can limit nutrient uptake and weaken plant growth.

Should I no-till?

We believe the benefits of no-till outnumber those of tillage. No-till allows the soil structure to stay intact and protects the soil by leaving organic matter on the surface. Better soil structure and cover increases the ability to absorb water, which reduces erosion.

No-till also slows evaporation, which means better infiltration of rain and increases irrigation efficiency, leading a more productive garden.

Soil microorganisms, fungi and bacteria also benefit from no-till because in undisturbed soil, beneficial organisms can establish their communities and feed off of root exudates and organic matter. A healthy soil biome is crucial for nutrient cycling and suppressing diseases. When soil organic matter improves, so does the soil’s internal structure—increasing the soil’s capacity to grow more nutrient-dense crops.

What is a soil test?

A soil test is an essential tool for understanding the health and composition of your soil, which is crucial for successful gardening and farming. Soil tests analyze various elements, such as:

  • pH Levels: This measures how acidic or alkaline your soil is, which affects nutrient availability for plants.
  • Nutrient Balance: Soil tests evaluate the levels of key nutrients like nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium, as well as other important minerals, to determine if your plants have what they need to thrive.
  • Soil Microbiology: Advanced tests can assess the microbial life in your soil, which plays a significant role in nutrient cycling and plant health.
  • Soil Texture: This refers to the proportions of sand, silt, and clay in your soil, impacting water retention and root development.

Healthy soil is the foundation for vigorous, resilient plants. Good gardeners focus on improving and nurturing their soil, knowing that strong, healthy plants will naturally follow. Understanding your soil through testing allows you to make informed decisions about amendments, fertilization, and cultivation practices to create an optimal environment for your plants to flourish.

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What does a soil test tell you?

Soil tests tell us about nutrient availability, biological health, and physical structure. These three factors are the bare essentials to knowing whether a soil is healthy and how to improve it.

Which test is right for me?

Discover which soil test is right for your needs with our quick and easy quiz!

Whether you're growing vegetables, managing a landscape, or improving soil health, our personalized recommendations will guide you. Take the quiz now to find your perfect match: Take the Quiz.

What if I cant afford soil testing?

Our Basic Soil Test is our most affordable option, providing essential insights into your soil's nutrient profile. Note that this test doesn't cover biological activity, soil texture, or carbon sequestration potential.

We also offer discounts for low-income folks and non-profit organizations—please contact us for details. Additionally, you can learn about soil characteristics by observing the weeds that grow in it. Check out more information here.

What is MWELO?

In California, about half of all urban water is used for landscape irrigation. This can be a major source of water waste, but there are many ways to improve water efficiency in landscapes.

One way to save water is to choose climate-adapted plants. These plants are naturally suited to the local climate and require less water than non-native plants. Another way to save water is to improve soil conditions. Healthy soil can hold more water, which means plants need to be watered less often.

High-efficiency irrigation equipment can also help to save water. This equipment uses less water to water plants, which can lead to significant savings over time. Irrigation schedules should also be tailored to the specific needs of the plants in a landscape. Plants that need more water in the summer may need less water in the winter.

In addition to these measures, rainwater and stormwater collection, graywater, and recycled water can all be used to irrigate landscapes. These alternative water sources can help to reduce the amount of potable water used for irrigation.

The Model Water Efficient Landscape Ordinance (MWELO) is a set of standards that can be used to improve water efficiency in landscapes. The MWELO is adopted by local agencies, and it sets requirements for the design, installation, management, and maintenance of landscapes.

The purpose of the MWELO is to not only increase water efficiency, but also to improve environmental conditions in the built environment. Landscaping can provide many benefits beyond aesthetic appeal, such as improving public health and quality of life, mitigating climate change, conserving energy and materials, and increasing property values.

Local agencies are required to report on the implementation of the MWELO annually to the California Department of Water Resources. This reporting helps to ensure that the MWELO is being effectively implemented and that water savings are being realized.

Carbon-Fixation and Soil-Regeneration

What is carbon-fixation?

Soil carbon sequestration, also known as “carbon gardening” includes managing land so that soils absorb and hold carbon. Increasing soil carbon can be done in a few ways including: (1) planting carbon-fixing plants (2) switching to low-till or no-till practices (3) managed grazing of livestock. In addition to regenerating soil health, these practices can capture carbon dioxide (CO2) from the atmosphere and store it in soils, making them a form of carbon removal.

How do plants capture carbon in the soil?

1. Plants capture CO2 from the atmosphere and converts it into carbon-rich molecules. This carbon builds up in plants’ leaves, stems, and roots.

2. When the plant is mowed, grazed, or dies, roots leave carbon buried deep the soil.

3. This carbon is slowly broken down and is integrated into the soil, providing long-term storage as well as many soil health benefits.

What are the factors that determine how much carbon can be captured in soil?

1. Tillage breaks-up and oxygenates soil leading to CO2 loss. Stopping or reducing tillage is one of the most important ways to capture more carbon.

2. Carbon-fixing plants like clovers, tall grasses, mustards, and perennials are the key to fixing large amounts of carbon underground. These plants enable us to put CO2 in the soil!

3. Fertilizing less or completely eliminating fertilizer will prevent carbon in the soil from being mobilized and release as CO2. Specifically, stay away from chemical fertilizers.

4. Ditching the green lawn. Lawns are demanding of water, fertilizer, and mowing. Consider phasing out your lawn with clovers and fescues.

5. This process has the potential to capture up to 12 tons of carbon per acre per year.

How much carbon do people, processes or equipment ( cars, airplane…etc.) produce?

The average carbon footprint per person in the US is 16 tons, one of the highest rates in the world. Globally, the average footprint is 4 tons. In order to prevent a 2℃ rise in global temperatures, the average globa footprint needs to 2 tons by 2050.

Why certain plants are better at fixing carbon than others?

Depending on your soil and climate, some plants are better for fixing carbon than others. In general, plants that produce more below ground biomass are the best carbon fixers.

In areas of high fertility, tall grasses like Miscanthus or Sudangrass are capable of fixing the most amount of carbon. In areas of lower fertility, plants like clovers and mustards are capable of fixing the most.

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What is soil regeneration?

Soil regeneration is the process of improving the quality of your soil by adding organic matter, which helps to improve drainage, water retention, and nutrition for plants.

How much carbon can I expect to sequester per acre?

One acre, under perfect management, is capable of storing 12 tons of carbon per year (Rodale, 2014). This includes planting high-biomass cover crops and using regenerative grazing techniques.